Low temperature geothermal gradient utilization systems using serial mode of radiator and water source heat pump

Presents the system model, establishes the object function of the radiator-heat pump economic combined operation, and analyses the system optimal operation conditions with an actual project. Presents the system energy consumption evaluation method based on the time-weighted average overall efficiency. Compares the economics of several heating modes based on the cost of unit heating quantity. Analyses the advantages of using low temperature geothermal gradient utilization system with serial mode of radiator and water source heat pump for retrofitted projects.